As one Viking poet put it, "Let no man carve runes to cast a spell, save first he learns to read them well." While many in the upper classes could read and write runes, the Vikings called in a ...

Many identified runestones come centuries later in history, during the Viking Age (around the 9th to 11th centuries). The sandstone pieces were primarily dispersed in three graves, designated Hole 1, ...

Sweden, renowned for its wealth of Viking rune stones and rock carvings, boasts the world’s largest collection of these historic artifacts. These standing stones, dating back to between the 9th ...