This formalized the principle of enumerated powers ... the Necessary and Proper Clause must meet four requirements: (1) it must be incidental to a principal power; (2) it must be “for carrying ...

to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers. Also known as the Elastic Clause, this phrase allowed Congress to stretch its enumerated powers a bit to fit its needs.

Under this conception, the clause confers no political sovereignty over federal landholdings. Unless one of the enumerated powers ... of federal property; and (2) the power to protect federal ...

The Supreme Court is doing an originalist cleanup job on decades of sloppy jurisprudence, and is the amazingly stretchy Commerce Clause up ... they exceed the enumerated powers granted to ...