Safety critical and taking materials to their limits, optimising rail-wheel interface performance is crucial to the running of a railway. The contact of steel wheel on steel rail is fundamental to ...

A train wheel's weight is substantial. According to the Indian Steel Authority, engines and coaches have different wheel weights. MEMU/EMU suburban trains have the heaviest wheels, weighing 423 kg ...

Unfortunately within current rail infrastructure, steel accounts for approximately 43% of the embedded carbon; which is the largest material portion. However, rail steel has the potential to be ...